Google Ads is an online advertising platform where businesses run paid ads on Google Search, YouTube, and partner websites to generate traffic, leads, and sales.

Quality Score is a metric (1–10) based on CTR, ad relevance, and landing page experience. It directly affects your ad ranking and cost per click — higher Quality Score means lower CPC.

Ad Rank determines your ad position and is calculated using bid amount, Quality Score, expected impact of ad extensions, and auction-time context signals like device and location.

Smart Bidding uses Google's machine learning to automatically optimize bids for conversions or conversion value in every auction. It includes strategies like tCPA, tROAS, Maximize Conversions, and Maximize Conversion Value.

Negative keywords prevent your ads from showing on irrelevant search queries. They save budget by excluding low-intent or mismatched traffic, improving your overall campaign efficiency.

ROAS (Return on Ad Spend) measures revenue generated for every rupee/dollar spent on ads. It's one of the most critical KPIs for e-commerce campaigns and directly reflects campaign profitability.

Initial results can appear within days, but meaningful optimization data — especially for Smart Bidding — typically requires 2–4 weeks and at least 30–50 conversions for the algorithm to stabilize.